How does stress affect the body?

Stress triggers a complex response in the body, primarily activating the "fight or flight" system through the release of hormones like adrenaline and cortisol. In the short term, this response helps you react quickly to challenges by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and energy supplies. However, when stress becomes chronic—meaning it persists over an extended period—these physiological changes can have harmful effects on many body systems. Chronic stress keeps the body in a heightened state of alert, which can disrupt nearly every system. For example, prolonged elevated cortisol levels can weaken the immune system, making you more susceptible to infections. It can also contribute to high blood pressure, increase the risk of heart disease, and interfere with digestion, leading to problems like irritable bowel syndrome. Furthermore, chronic stress often affects mental health, increasing the risk of anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances. Over time, these effects accumulate and may significantly impair overall health and quality of life. Managing stress through techniques like mindfulness, regular exercise, adequate sleep, and social support is important to reduce its impact. If stress feels overwhelming or persistent, consulting a healthcare professional can help develop effective coping strategies and prevent long-term health consequences.