What are the key characteristics of Baroque art?

Baroque art, which flourished in Europe from the early 17th century to the mid-18th century, is known for its dramatic, elaborate, and highly detailed style. One of its key characteristics is the strong use of contrast—between light and shadow (known as chiaroscuro)—which artists used to create a sense of depth and volume, adding emotional intensity to their work. This technique helped bring scenes to life, making them feel dynamic and engaging. Another hallmark of Baroque art is its emphasis on movement and energy. Unlike the calm and balanced compositions of the earlier Renaissance period, Baroque artists often depicted scenes filled with motion, tension, and theatricality. Figures might be shown in mid-action, with swirling drapery, twisted poses, and expressive faces that convey drama and passion. This sense of movement was meant to evoke an emotional response from viewers. Baroque art is also notable for its grandeur and ornamentation. Whether in painting, sculpture, or architecture, the style tends to be rich, ornate, and sometimes extravagant. In architecture, for example, Baroque buildings often feature bold curves, intricate details, and expansive interiors designed to impress and inspire awe. Overall, Baroque art played a significant role in history by reflecting the cultural and religious tensions of its time, especially during the Counter-Reformation, when the Catholic Church used art to communicate religious themes powerfully and persuasively.