What is biodiversity?

Biodiversity refers to the variety and variability of life on Earth, encompassing the different species of plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms, as well as the genetic differences within these species and the ecosystems they form. It exists at three main levels: genetic diversity (variation within species), species diversity (variety of species in a region), and ecosystem diversity (variety of habitats and ecological processes). Biodiversity is crucial for the health and stability of ecosystems. It enables ecosystems to function effectively by supporting processes such as nutrient cycling, pollination, and climate regulation. High biodiversity often means greater resilience, allowing ecosystems to better withstand environmental changes and recover from disturbances like natural disasters or human impacts. Additionally, biodiversity provides vital resources for humans, including food, medicine, and raw materials, and it contributes to cultural, recreational, and aesthetic values. In short, preserving biodiversity is essential not only for maintaining balanced ecosystems but also for sustaining human well-being and the planet’s long-term health.