What is composting?

Composting is the natural process of breaking down organic materials—like food scraps, yard waste, and paper—into nutrient-rich soil called compost. This process is carried out by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi, along with earthworms and insects, which decompose the waste and transform it into a valuable amendment for gardens and plants. Composting helps reduce landfill waste, lowers greenhouse gas emissions, and enriches soil health by improving its structure, moisture retention, and nutrient content. To start composting at home, begin by choosing a suitable compost bin or designate a spot in your yard for a compost pile. You can buy a compost bin or create a simple pile or heap. Next, collect a balanced mix of “greens” (nitrogen-rich materials like fruit and vegetable scraps, coffee grounds, and fresh grass clippings) and “browns” (carbon-rich materials like dry leaves, straw, shredded paper, and cardboard). Aim for roughly a 2:1 ratio of browns to greens to maintain good airflow and moisture balance. Turn or mix your compost regularly (every 1-2 weeks) to aerate it, which speeds up decomposition and prevents odor. Keep the pile moist, similar to a damp sponge, but not soaking wet. Avoid adding meat, dairy, oily foods, or pet waste, as these can attract pests and cause odors. Over time—typically a few months to a year depending on conditions—you’ll have dark, crumbly compost ready to use in your garden to improve soil fertility and plant health. Starting small and gradually increasing your compost materials can help you build a successful home composting habit.

Composting is the natural process of recycling organic waste, such as food scraps and yard waste, into nutrient-rich soil called compost. This process involves the breakdown of organic materials by microorganisms like bacteria and fungi, along with insects and worms. Composting helps reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills, lowers greenhouse gas emissions, and produces a valuable soil amendment that improves soil health and supports plant growth. To start composting at home, begin by choosing a composting method that fits your space and lifestyle. Common options include a compost bin, a compost tumbler, or simply a designated compost pile in your garden. Next, gather a balance of “green” materials (nitrogen-rich items like fruit and vegetable scraps, coffee grounds, and grass clippings) and “brown” materials (carbon-rich items like dried leaves, paper, and cardboard). A good rule of thumb is to maintain roughly a 2:1 ratio of browns to greens to help the compost break down efficiently. Place your compost materials in layers, turning or mixing them every week or two to aerate the pile and speed up decomposition. Keep the compost moist, similar to the dampness of a wrung-out sponge, but avoid excess water that can cause odor problems. Over time, the pile will heat up and shrink as the materials break down, and after a few months to a year, you’ll have dark, crumbly compost ready to enrich your garden soil. Starting small and being consistent will help you successfully compost at home and contribute to a more sustainable lifestyle.