What is composting?

Composting is a natural process of recycling organic waste, such as food scraps and yard waste, into nutrient-rich soil called compost. This compost can then be used to enrich garden soil, helping plants grow healthier by improving soil structure, moisture retention, and nutrient content. Essentially, composting mimics nature’s way of breaking down organic material through the action of microorganisms, fungi, and other decomposers. To compost effectively at home, start by choosing a suitable compost bin or designating a compost pile in your backyard. A good compost system needs a balance of “greens” (nitrogen-rich materials like fruit and vegetable scraps, coffee grounds, and fresh grass clippings) and “browns” (carbon-rich materials like dry leaves, straw, cardboard, and paper). Aim for roughly a 2:1 ratio of browns to greens to maintain efficient decomposition and minimize odors. Maintain your compost by regularly turning or aerating it to provide oxygen to the microbes breaking down the material. Keep the compost moist but not soggy—about as damp as a wrung-out sponge is ideal. Avoid adding meat, dairy, oily foods, or diseased plants, as these can attract pests or cause odors. Depending on conditions like temperature and moisture, your compost can be ready in a few months to a year. Once it looks dark, crumbly, and earthy, it’s ready to use in your garden to boost plant growth naturally.