What is the Internet of Things (IoT)?

The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the network of physical objects—“things”—embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies that connect and exchange data with other devices and systems over the internet. These connected devices collect and share data, enabling smarter automation, improved efficiency, and enhanced decision-making in various aspects of daily life and industry. Everyday examples of IoT devices include smart home products like thermostats (e.g., Nest), security cameras, smart speakers (e.g., Amazon Echo), wearable fitness trackers, and connected appliances such as refrigerators or lighting systems. In addition, IoT is widely used in smart cities (traffic sensors, smart streetlights), healthcare (remote patient monitors), and automotive applications (connected cars). IoT devices typically communicate through wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, or cellular networks. They send data to cloud platforms or local hubs, where it is processed and analyzed. This communication allows users to control devices remotely via smartphones or voice commands and enables devices to interact with one another to create seamless, automated environments.