Why did the Roman Empire fall?

The fall of the Roman Empire is a complex historical event that historians attribute to a combination of factors rather than a single cause. It was not just economic decline or military issues alone, but an interplay of political, social, economic, and military challenges that gradually weakened the empire over centuries. Economically, the empire faced severe problems including heavy taxation, inflation, and reliance on slave labor, which stifled technological innovation and economic growth. The empire's vast size made managing resources difficult, and trade disruptions further strained the economy. Additionally, debasement of currency led to inflation, reducing the empire’s financial stability. Militarily, the Roman legions faced increasing pressure from external threats such as Germanic tribes, Huns, and other barbarian groups. The empire struggled to recruit and maintain a strong, loyal army. Over time, the reliance on mercenary forces of questionable loyalty and the internal political instability undermined military effectiveness. Politically and socially, the empire suffered from corruption, weak leadership, and internal divisions. The split into Eastern and Western Roman Empires also diluted resources and coordination. Social decay, loss of civic pride, and declining population due to plagues and warfare further eroded the empire’s foundation. In summary, the fall of the Roman Empire was the result of a combination of economic troubles, military defeats, political instability, and social changes. These factors interacted over time, culminating in the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD, while the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire) continued for nearly another thousand years.